Sphingomyelinase and Membrane Sphingomyelin Content
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Ebolavirus requires acid sphingomyelinase activity and plasma membrane sphingomyelin for infection.
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) converts the lipid sphingomyelin (SM) to phosphocholine and ceramide and has optimum activity at acidic pH. Normally, ASMase is located in lysosomes and endosomes, but membrane damage or the interaction with some bacterial and viral pathogens can trigger its recruitment to the plasma membrane. Rhinovirus and measles viruses each require ASMase activity during earl...
متن کاملSphingomyelin content of intestinal cell membranes regulates cholesterol absorption. Evidence for pancreatic and intestinal cell sphingomyelinase activity.
Micellar cholesterol uptake and secretion were investigated in the human intestinal cell line CaCo-2 following depletion of apical membrane sphingomyelin. The addition of exogenous sphingomyelinase, which hydrolysed 60% of prelabelled sphingomyelin, resulted in a 50% decrease in the uptake of cholesterol from bile salt micelles. The flux of membrane cholesterol into the cell by the hydrolysis o...
متن کاملHis151 and His296 are the acid-base catalytic residues of Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase in sphingomyelin hydrolysis.
Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase belongs to the Mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase, which hydrolyses sphingomyelin to phosphocholine and ceramide, and acts as an extracellular hemolysin. The triplet residues, His151-Asp195-His296, of the enzyme are highly conserved among bacterial and mammalian Mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinases. The triplet residues converge on the active-site p...
متن کاملCholesterol and sphingomyelin syntheses are regulated independently in cultured human intestinal cells, CaCo-2: role of membrane cholesterol and sphingomyelin content.
There is a presumed association between cellular cholesterol and sphingomyelin metabolism. To study this relationship in the intestine, the activity of the rate controlling enzyme of sphingolipid synthesis, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), and the biosynthesis of long-chain bases were characterized in cultured human intestinal cells, CaCo-2. Cells were then incubated with substances known to ...
متن کاملSphingomyelinase D, a novel probe for cellular sphingomyelin: effects on cholesterol homeostasis in human skin fibroblasts.
Sphingomyelin (SM) and free cholesterol (FC) are concentrated in the plasma membranes of eukaryotes; however, the physiological significance of their association is unclear. A common tool for studying the role of membrane SM is digestion with bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) C, which hydrolyzes SM to ceramide. However, it is not known whether the observed effects of SMase C treatment are due ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
سال: 2000
ISSN: 1046-6673,1533-3450
DOI: 10.1681/asn.v115894